摘要： 卫星互联网技术正从传统通信技术演变为支撑全球战略竞争的关键基础设施和核心技术力量，但同时也面临着“卫星—地面—终端—云平台”全链路的安全威胁，亟需站在国家安全的角度构建更加完善的网络安全治理体系。系统梳理了低轨星座主导、6G与AI融合、手机直连卫星等卫星互联网发展趋势，剖析了多维度安全威胁、网络主权冲击、数据跨境传输及国际规则滞后等风险挑战。通过比较美国国家安全驱动、欧盟数字主权规则、中国兼顾发展和安全及俄英印日等国家的差异化实践，总结卫星互联网网络安全治理的经验做法。面向全球卫星互联网建设的共同挑战，提出构建多边协同的国际规则体系、强化全链条安全与供应链韧性、推动全球卫星互联网基础设施普惠化建设等发展建议。

中图分类号：TP309;G203文献标志码：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2026.06.005中文引用格式：白江，赵高华，贾朔维，等.卫星互联网发展趋势及网络安全治理研究综述［J］.网络安全与数据治理，2026，45（6）：31-39.
英文引用格式：Bai Jiang，Zhao Gaohua，Jia Shuowei，et al.A review of development trends and cybersecurity governance of satellite internet［J］.Cyber Security and Data Governance，2026，45（6）：31-39.

A review of development trends and cybersecurity governance of satellite internet

Abstract： Satellite internet technology is evolving from a communications technology into a critical infrastructure and a core technological force in global strategic competition.However,it faces security threats across the entire chain—from satellites and ground systems to user terminals and cloud platforms.This underscores the urgent need to establish a more comprehensive cybersecurity governance framework from the perspective of national security.This paper systematically reviews major development trends in satellite internet,including the dominance of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations,the integration of 6G and artificial intelligence (AI),and directtodevice (D2D) satellite communications.It further analyzes main risks such as multidimensional security threats,impacts on cyber sovereignty,crossborder data transmission risks,and the lag of international regulatory frameworks.Through a comparative study of governance practices in the United States,the European Union,China,Russia,the United Kingdom,India,and Japan,the paper summarizes the major experiences and approaches in satellite internet cybersecurity governance.In response to the shared challenges of global satellite internet development,the paper proposes several policy recommendations,including establishing a multilateral and coordinated international regulatory framework,strengthening fullchain security and supply chain resilience,and promoting inclusive global satellite internet infrastructure development.

Key words : satellite internet; cybersecurity; satellite internet security; direct-to-device satellite communication (D2D)