摘要： 面对数据市场的竞争失序，竞争法律欲实现辨证施治，需以数据竞争行为的类型化归纳为前提。传统“不正当竞争与垄断”的二分法既难以适应数据竞争行为的复杂性，也不足以回应数据治理的现实需要。基于数据生产流程，可将数据竞争行为划分为获取阶段的竞争行为与使用阶段的竞争行为两类。前者包括获取经营者数据、用户数据及拒绝数据获取；后者涵盖数据排他性使用、数据驱动型自我优待和大数据杀熟。据此，应确立包容审慎的规制理念，并在获取阶段强调数据流通，以包容促发展；在使用阶段注重权益保护，以审慎防风险。

中图分类号：D922.29文献标识码：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.12.010引用格式：李佐. 数据竞争行为的类型化重构及其规制因应［J］.网络安全与数据治理，2025，44（12）：69-74,82.

The typological reconstruction of data competition behaviors and the regulatory responses

Abstract： Confronting the disorder in the data market, competition law must establish a typology of data competition behaviors as a prerequisite for implementing differentiated and targeted governance. The traditional dichotomy of "unfair competition and monopoly" is illsuited to the complexity of data competition behaviors and fails to meet the practical needs of data governance. Based on the data production process, data competition behaviors can be categorized into two stages: acquisition and use. The acquisition stage includes obtaining data from businesses, collecting user data, and refusing data access. The use stage encompasses exclusive data use, datadriven selfpreferencing, and algorithmic price discrimination. Accordingly, a regulatory philosophy of tolerance and prudence should be established: emphasizing data circulation during the acquisition stage to foster development through tolerance, and prioritizing rights protection during the use stage to mitigate risks through prudence.

Key words : data competition behavior; commercial data terms; AntiUnfair Competition Law; AntiMonopoly Law