摘要： 针对数据资产交易中静态确权范式与数据动态属性之间的矛盾，提出一种改进Merkle树动态确权的数据资产交易方案。首先，将数据资产交易中确权分为登记确权与交易确权两个阶段，构建“静态DCI标识符+动态EX_DCI确权码”的双层确权机制；其次，在Merkle树叶子节点中融合数据分块与权利人身份信息，动态生成兼具唯一性、完整性验证与权属绑定特征的EX_DCI确权码，支持同一数据资产对应多个不同权限的确权凭证；最后，采用区块链与IPFS相结合的“链上+链下”混合存储架构，通过智能合约实现交易流程的执行与不可篡改存证。理论分析与仿真实验表明，该方案实现了数据完整性验证的O(log n)时间复杂度，执行效率不随数据规模增大而显著降低，可有效支撑高频交易场景下的动态确权需求。

中图分类号：TP311文献标志码：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2026.09.003
中文引用格式：严海兵. 改进Merkle树动态确权的数据资产交易方案［J］.网络安全与数据治理，2026，45（9）：17-25.
英文引用格式：Yan Haibing. An improved data asset trading scheme based on Merkle tree with dynamic rights confirmation［J］.Cyber Security and Data Governance，2026，45（9）：17-25.

An improved data asset trading scheme based on Merkle tree with dynamic rights confirmation

Abstract： Addressing the fundamental contradiction between the static rights confirmation paradigm and the dynamic attributes of data in data asset transactions, this paper proposes a dynamic rights confirmation data asset transaction scheme based on an improved Merkle tree. Firstly, the rights confirmation of data assets is divided into two stages: registration confirmation and transaction confirmation, establishing a duallayer rights confirmation mechanism of "static DCI identifier + dynamic EX_DCI rights confirmation code". Secondly, data partitioning and rights holder identity information are integrated into the leaf nodes of the Merkle tree to dynamically generate EX_DCI rights confirmation codes that possess uniqueness, integrity verification, and ownership binding characteristics, supporting multiple rights confirmation vouchers corresponding to the same data asset. Finally, a "chain-on + chain-off" hybrid storage architecture combining blockchain and IPFS is adopted, and the automatic execution and tamperproof storage of transaction processes are realized through smart contracts.

Key words : data asset trading; dynamic rights confirmation; Merkle tree; blockchain; Digital Copyright Identifier(DCI); integrity verification