摘要： 量子计算技术快速发展对全球信息安全态势产生深远影响，经典密码算法体制面临严峻安全威胁，后量子密码算法应运而生，成为现阶段研究热点。介绍了量子计算技术及其发展现状，并对后量子密码算法与经典密码算法进行对比分析。构建统一测试框架，对比分析经典密码算法与后量子算法在静态参数、网络带宽、算法执行时间和资源占用等方面的差异，探讨后量子算法在实际通信协议中的兼容性。测试结果表明，以ML-KEM为代表的格基后量子算法计算效率与资源占用方面已接近或优于经典公钥算法，内存开销仅较经典算法高约3%~5%，已具备在通用计算平台上部署应用的可行性,可为基础设施的抗量子迁移提供依据。

中图分类号：TP309文献标志码：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2026.08.003中文引用格式：张晨，王石云，李子奇. 后量子密码技术研究进展及其与经典算法对比研究［J］.网络安全与数据治理，2026，45（8）：22-29.
英文引用格式：Zhang Chen，Wang Shiyun，Li Ziqi. Research progress of post-quantum cryptography and its comparative study with classical algorithms［J］.Cyber Security and Data Governance，2026，45（8）：22-29.

Research progress of post-quantum cryptography and its comparative study with classical algorithms

Abstract： The rapid development of quantum computing technology has a profound impact on the global information security landscape. Classical cryptographic systems are facing severe security threats, and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has emerged in response, becoming a research hotspot at the present stage. This paper introduces quantum computing technology and its current state of development, and presents a comparative analysis of post-quantum and classical cryptographic algorithms. A unified testing framework is constructed to compare the differences between classical and post-quantum algorithms in terms of static parameters, network bandwidth, execution time, and resource consumption, and the compatibility of post-quantum algorithms in practical communication protocols is discussed. The test results show that lattice-based post-quantum algorithms, represented by ML-KEM, approach or outperform classical public-key algorithms in computational efficiency and resource consumption, with memory overhead only about 3%~5% higher than that of classical algorithms, demonstrating the feasibility of deployment on general-purpose computing platforms and providing a basis for the post-quantum migration of infrastructure.

Key words : post-quantum cryptography; lattice-based cryptography; performance evaluation